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A vision based on ideologies solves both challenges of sharing — the interpretation of the past and the projections of the future. (7. 4-5) The punctuation mark called dash, in the fragment above, signals the introduction of an explanation. The dash is equivalent to the following connective: (A) that is (B) above all (C) in addition (D) for example

The logical relationship between clauses establishes different notions. An example which expresses the notion of concession is indicated in: (A) since public understanding is harder to change than terminology, (¢. 7-8) (B) If this new term was intended to be clear, (¢. 29) (C) because so much political speech involves defending the indefensible, (¢. 30-31) (D) This, though, isn't clear when it is simply labelled “clean coal”. (¢. 36-37)

I have a large measure of confidence that future archeologists and historians will conclude that innovations such as a code-speak called “Instant Messaging”, or a music box called “iPod” or a make- believe room called “MySpace” inexorably set us on a path of alienation and individualism. (/. 26-28) The underlined segment has the function of: (A) justifying (B) illustrating (C) emphasizing (D) recapitulating

We have learned, though, that this social engineering is a phantasm, (¢. 17) Nevertheless, despite this, and maybe even because of it, we cannot give up trying the impossible: (¢. 21-22) The connectives underlined express the same notion. They could be replaced by: (A) so (B) thus (C) however (D) therefore

In argumentative writing, the presence of transitions is crucial to make the text both cohesive and coherent. An instance of transition by means of contrast is found in: ta) “greenhouse gas emissions are at least partly responsible for a host of changes already under way,” (¢. 3-5) (B) “a variety of health effects as well, with ‘increased deaths, disease and injury due to heat waves, floods, storms, fires and droughts’,” (¢. 25-27) (C)_ “higher concentrations of carbon dioxide, the main heat-trapping gas, are contributing to a greener world, according to the draft.” (¢. 30-33) (D} “while temperate and higher latitudes could be friendlier to farming, they are also proving friendlier to weeds,” (¢. 40-42]